Yor – verb suffix thing (present marker?)
Değil – to be negative
People are, things IS. =ooo This means that inanimate plural objects take a singular verb suffix while animate plural take plural.
Aç - hungry
Öğrenci - student(s)
Hazır - Ready
Haklı - Rıght (correct)
Sorumlu - responsible
Hasta - ill
Practice:
Q1: I am hungry.
Q2: I am not hungry.
Q3: She is not Turkish.
Q4: We are students.
Q5: They are not students.
Q6: We are not ready.
Q7: We are ready.
Q8: You are right.
Q9: You are responsible.
Q10: He is ill.
A1: Açım.
A2: Aç değilim.
A3: Türk değil(dir).
A4: Öğrenciyiz.
A5: Öğrenci değiller.
A6: Hazır değiliz.
A7: Hazırız.
A8: Haklısın(ız).
A9: Sorumlusun(uz).
A10: Hastadır.
Personal Pronouns:
Ben = m instead of n in genetive; front vowel to back vowel (e to a) in dative
Sen = front vowel to back vowel (e to a) in dative
O = pronominal n - before suffixes
Biz = m instead of n in genetive
Siz = regular
Onlar = pronominal n - before suffixes
See the chart for examples of what this means:
Possessive suffixes:
Examples:
evim - my house
kızım - my daughter
evin - your house
kızın - your daughter
evi - his house
kızı - her daughter
otomobilimiz - our car
treniniz - your train
evleri - their house
gözüm - my eye
kolum - my arm
doktorumuz - our doctor
ününüz - your fame
annem - my mother
paran - your money
babası - his father
köprüsü - its bridge
anneleri - their mother
babam - my father
ordusu - his army
odaları - their room
"The case endings follow these suffixes, but after the suffixes of the third person [possessive] the prenominal n is inserted before any case ending:
kolunun - of his arm
annesine - to her mother
odalarından - from their room
gözüne - to its eye
köprüsünde - in its bridge"
Ambiguities can arise, as, after a consonant, there is no difference between the second person possessive and the third person singular, as long as it isn't in the absolutive. For example, evinden can mean 'from your house' or 'from her house.'
If you have a phrase where the possessor is definite, such as 'the doctor's room,' the word doctor goes into the genetive, and the possessive suffix is kept on the noun, making 'doktorun odası.' This could be translated as 'of-the-doctor his-room.'
If you have a possessor, but it isn't definite, like 'chamber of commerce,' you keep the possessor in the absolutive, making: 'ticaret odası.' My book says that this could be better thought of as: 'commerce chamber-thereof.'
Colloquiallism: "Colloquially, the genitive casess of pronouns of the first and second persons may be used instead of the possessive suffixes: benim oda 'of-me the room....' In writing and formal speech [this] would be odam...."
'Own' is signified by 'kendi.'
kendi odam - my own room
kendi evin - your own house
Pasaport - passport
ayak - foot
anne - mother
yüz - face
tekerlek - wheel
öneri - proposal
kitap - book
çocuk - child
üzüm - grapes
karpuz - melon
To Turkish:
Q1: My passport
Q2: Your foot
Q3: Her mother
Q4: His face
Q5: Its wheel
Q6: Our proposal
Q7: Your book
Q8: Their child
Q9: Our grapes
Q10: His melon
A1: pasaportum
A2: ayağın (or -ız)
A3: annesi
A4: yüzü
A5: tekerleği
A6: önerimiz
A7: kitabınız
A8: çocukları/onlardan çocuğu
A9: üzümümüz
A10: karpuzu
